2025 JAMB BIOLOGY Syllabus is Out: Get Ready to Excel in UTME
Are you preparing for the 2025 Unified Tertiary Matriculation Examination (UTME)? Great news! The official 2025 JAMB CBT syllabus has been released, and you’re at the right place to get all the details you need to succeed. This syllabus is your ultimate guide to understanding the topics, objectives, and expectations for each subject.
OBJECTIVES OF BIOLOGY JAMB SYLLABUS
Demonstarte sufficient knowledge of the of the concept of the diversity, interdependence and unity of life
Account to continuity of life.
Apply biological principles to everydaylife especially to matters affecting living things, individual, society, the environment, communityhealth, and the economy. Biology syllabus is divided into Five sections
SECTIONA: Variety of organisms
SECTION B: Forms and functions
SECTION C: Ecology
SECTION D: Herodity and variations
SECTION E: Evolution
RECOMMENDED TEXT
Ndu, F.O. C. Ndu, Abun A. and Aina J.O. (2001) Senior Secondary School Biology:
Books 1 -3, Lagos: Longman
Odunfa, S.A. (2001) Essential of Biology, Ibadan: Heinemann
Ogunniyi M.B. Adebisi A.A. and Okojie J.A. (2000) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools: Books 1 – 3, Macmillan
Ramalingam, S.T. (2018) Modern Biology, SS Science Series. New Edition, AFP
Stan. (2004) Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. Revised Edition, Ibadan: Heinemann
Stone R.H. and Cozens, A.B.C. (1982) Biology for West African Schools. Longman
Usua, E.J. (1997) Handbook of practical Biology 2nd Edition, University Press, Limited
Idodo – Umeh, G (2015) College Biology. Idodo – Umeh Publishers Ltd.
Micheal, M.C. (2018) Essential Biology for Senior Secondary Schools. TONAD Publishers Ltd.
WHY YOU NEED JAMB BIOLOGY SYLLABUS
Are you ready to excel in your JAMB Biology exam? The official JAMB Biology Syllabus is an essential tool that ensures you’re fully prepared. Here’s why you need to download it today:
- Comprehensive Coverage: The syllabus gives you a detailed outline of all the topics you need to study, helping you focus on what truly matters for the exam.
- Clear Objectives: It defines clear learning objectives for each topic, ensuring you know exactly what’s expected and how to approach each subject area.
- Guided Study: Say goodbye to confusion and aimless studying. The syllabus acts as a roadmap, guiding your study sessions effectively so you cover everything systematically.
- Boost Your Confidence: With the syllabus in hand, you’ll know exactly where to focus your efforts, making you feel more confident and prepared for the big day.
- Ace Your Exam: By following the syllabus, you’ll be equipped with the right knowledge and techniques to tackle any question that comes your way in the exam.
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DETAILED 2025/2026 JAMB SYLLABUS
(SECTION A: Variety of organism)
1. Living organisms:
a. Characteristics
b. Cell structure and functions of cell components
c. Level of organization
i. Cell e.g. euglena and paramecium,
ii. Tissue e.g. epithelial tissues and hydra
iii. Organ e.g. onion bulb
iv. Systems e.g. reproductive, digestive and excretory
v. Organisms e.g. Chlamydomonas
2. Evolution among the following:
a. Monera (prokaryotes), e.g. bacteria and
blue green algae.
b. Protista (protozoans and protophyta),
e.g. Amoeba, Euglena and Paramecium.
c. Fungi, e.g. mushroom and Rhizopus.
d. Plantae (plants)
i. Thallophyta (e.g. Spirogyra).
ii. Bryophyta (mosses and liverworts) e.g.
Brachmenium and Merchantia.
iii. Pteridophyta (ferns) e.g. Dryopteris.
iv. Spermatophyta (Gymnospermae and
Angiospermae)
– Gymnosperms e.g. Cycads and conifers.
– Angiosperms (monocots, e.g. maize; dicots,
e.g. water leaf)
e. Animalia (animals)
i. Invertebrates
– coelenterate e.g. Hydra
– Platyhelminthes flatworms e.g. Taenia
– Nematoda (roundworms)
– Annelida e.g. earthworm
– Arthropoda e.g. mosquito, cockroach,
housefly, bee, butterfly
– Mollusca e.g. snails
ii. Multicellular animals (vertebrates)
– Pisces (cartilaginous and bony fish)
– Amphibia e.g. toads and frogs
– Reptilia e.g. lizards, snakes and turtles
– Aves (birds)
– Mammalia (mammals)
3. Structural/functional and behavioural
adaptations of organisms:
a. adaptive colouration and its functions
b. Behavioural adaptations in social animals
c. Structural adaptations in organisms.
SECTION B: Form and functions
1. Internal structure of plants and animals
a. Internal structure of a flowering plant
i. Root
ii. Stem
iii. Leafb. Internal structure of a mammal
2. Nutrition
a. Modes of nutrition
i. Autotrophic
ii. Heterotrophic
b. Types of Nutrition
c. Plant nutrition
i. Photosynthesis
ii. Chemosynthesis
iii. Mineral requirements
(macro and micro-nutrients)
d. Animal nutrition
i. Classes of food substances; carbohydrates, proteins,
fats and oils, vitamins, mineral salts and water
ii. Food tests (e.g. starch, reducing sugar, protein, oil,
fat etc.)
iii. The mammalian tooth (structures, types and
functions)
iv. Mammalian alimentary canal
v. Nutrition process (ingestion, digestion, absorption,
and assimilation of digested food)
3. Transport
a. Need for transportation
b. Materials for transportation
(Excretory products, gases, manufactured food,
digested food, nutrient, water and hormones)
c. Channels for transportation
i. Mammalian circulatory system (heart, arteries,
vein and capillaries)
ii Plant vascular system (phloem and xylem)
d. Media and processes of mechanism for transportation.
4. Respiration
a. Respiratory organs and surfaces
b. The mechanism of gaseous exchange in:
i. Plants
ii. Animals
c. Aerobic respiration
d. Anaerobic respiration
5. Excretion
a. Types of excretory structures:
contractile vacuole, flame cell,
nephridium, Malpighian tubule, kidney,
stoma and lenticel.
b. Excretory mechanisms:
i. Kidneys
ii. lungs
iii. skin
c. Excretory products of plants
6. Support and movement
a. Tropic, tactic, nastic and sleep
movements in plants
b. supporting tissues in animals
c. Types and functions of the skeleton
i. Exoskeleton
ii. Endoskeleton
iii. Functions of the skeleton in animals
7. Reproduction
a. Asexual reproduction
i. Fission (e.g. Paramecium)
ii. Budding (e.g. yeast)
iii. Natural vegetative propagation
iv. Artificial vegetative propagation
b. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants
i. Floral parts and their functions
ii. Pollination and fertilization
iii. products of sexual reproduction
c. Reproduction in mammals
i. Structures and functions of the male and female
reproductive organs
ii. Fertilization and development.
(Fusion of gametes)
8. Growth
a. Meaning of growth
b. Germination of seeds and condition
necessary for germination of seeds.
9. Co-ordination and control
a. Nervous coordination:
i. the components, structure and functions
of the central nervous system
ii. The components and functions of the
peripheral nervous system
iii. Mechanism of transmission of impulses
iv. Reflex action
b. The sense organs
i. Skin (tactile)
ii. Nose (olfactory)
iii. Tongue (taste)
iv. Eye (sight)
v. Ear (auditory)
c. Hormonal control
i. animal hormonal system (Pituitary, thyroid,
parathyroid, adrenal gland, pancreas, gonads)
ii. Plant hormones (phytohormones)
d. Homeostasis
i. Body temperature regulation
ii. Salt and water regulation
(SECTION C: ECOLOGY))
1. Factors affecting the distribution of Organisms
i. Abiotic
ii. Biotic
2. Symbiotic interactions of plants
and animals
(a) Energy flow in the ecosystem: food chains,
food webs and trophic levels.
(b) Nutrient cycling in nature.
i. carbon cycle
ii. water cycle
iii. Nitrogen cycle
3. Natural Habitats
(a) Aquatic (e.g. ponds, streams, lakes,
seashores and mangrove swamps)
(b) Terrestrial/arboreal (e.g. tree-tops, abandoned
farmland or a dry grassy (savanna) field, and
burrow or hole.
4. Local (Nigerian) Biomes
a. Tropical rainforest
b. Guinea savanna (southern and northern)
c. Sudan Savanna
d. Desert
e. Highlands of montane forests and grasslands of
the Obudu -, Jos -, Mambilla – Plateaus.
5. The Ecology of Populations
(a) Population density and overcrowding.
(b) Adaptation for survival
i. Factors that bring about competition
ii.Intra and inter-specific competition
iii. Relationship between competition and
succession.
(c) Factors affecting population sizes:
i. Biotic (food, pest, disease, predation,
competition and reproductive ability).
ii. Abiotic (temperature, space, light, rainfall,
topography, pressure, pH) etc.
(d) Ecological succession
i. primary succession
ii. secondary succession
6. SOIL
a. Characteristics of different types
of soil (sandy, loamy, clayey)
i. soil structure
ii. porosity, capillarity and humus
content
b. Components of the soil
i. inorganic
ii. organic
iii. soil organisms
iv. soil air
v. soil water
c. Soil fertility
i. loss of soil fertility
ii. renewal and maintenance of soil fertility
7. Humans and Environment
(a) Diseases:
(i) Common and endemic diseases
ii. Easily transmissible diseases and
disease syndrome such as:
– poliomyelitis
– cholera
– tuberculosis
– sexually transmitted disease/syndrome
(gonorrhea, syphilis, AIDS, etc.)
b. Pollution and its control
(i) Sources, types, effects and methods
of control.
(ii) Sanitation and sewage
c. Conservation of Natural Resources
d. Game reserves and National parks
(SECTION D: HEREDITY AND VARIATIONS)
(I) Variation In Population
a. Morphological variations in the physical
appearance of individuals.
(i) size (height and weight)
(ii) Colour (skin, eye, hair, coat of animals, scales and feathers).
(iii) Fingerprints
b. Physiological variation
(i) Ability to roll tongue
(ii) Ability to taste
phenylthiocarbamide (PTC)
(iii) Blood groups
c. Application of discontinuous
variation in crime detection,
blood transfusion and
determination of paternity.
2. Heredity
a) Inheritance of characters in organisms
(i) Heritable characters
(ii) Non-heritable characters
b) Chromosomes – the basis of heredity
(i) Structure
(ii) Process of transmission of hereditary
characters from parents to offsprings.
c) Probability in genetics and sex
determination.
d) Application of the principles of heredity in:
i) Agriculture
(ii) Medicine
e) Sex – linked characters e.g. baldness,
haemophilia, colour blindness, etc.
(SECTION E: EVOLUTION)
1. Theories of evolution
a) Lamarck’s theory
b) Darwin’s theory
c) organic theory
2. Evidence of evolution
CONCLUSION:
As you prepare for the 2025 JAMB Biology exam, the newly released syllabus is your key to achieving success. It provides a clear roadmap of topics, objectives, and recommended texts that will guide your study journey, ensuring you’re well-equipped to tackle any question. The syllabus is designed to cover all essential areas, from the variety of organisms and their adaptations to the intricate processes of heredity and evolution. By familiarizing yourself with the syllabus, setting clear goals, and using the recommended resources, you can confidently navigate your studies and be well-prepared to excel in the UTME. Don’t forget to leverage tools like ExamScholars to enhance your study process. Stay focused, stay consistent, and success will be within your reach!
